Project Management Skills and Training
Project Management
你的项目是什么?
一个基金会修理教堂屋顶?
一个五年的计划完全重新组织服务在您的自治市镇中交付服务?
庆祝推出新产品的特殊活动?
增加销售的营销活动?
安装新厨房?
Running an IT project with contributors in six different countries? With, perhaps, six different employers?
规划your summer hols?
该列表是无穷无尽的:我们都被项目包围,他们都有一些共同点。他们有一个开始,中间和结束(你以为我们只是一群漂亮的脸!)。
是的,我们知道这是常识,但这是惊人的,这是可以从Get-Go错过的一件事:所有项目都有一个开始点和一个终点,他们为可能完成的方法设置了参数,而且。更多关于这个问题。
一些项目比其他项目更复杂。一些项目严重依赖于广泛的人的输入,而有些人只依靠一个人来完成他们。委员会计划的夏季霍尔斯可能是一场灾难!
为了本文件,我们将专注于与工作有关的项目,但确实知道我们在这种情况下建议的任何东西可以(和“应该”)在沸腾的任何项目(或关于煮沸)。
Getting started
了解你想要实现的东西是一个良好的开始。我们大多数人都认识到一个项目应该有一个良好的业务结果,但涉及的人呢?包括你!
涉及一个项目的大多数人都会在其中占用出个人的东西,即使只是头疼。把你的重点放在个人结果上,决定它是什么以及你想要它让你有更好的机会获得它,并在事情不打算时找出动力。
你可能想要问问自己:
我想要什么?
是否可以?
我想要它以及与谁一起何时何地?
我可能要放弃或输掉什么?那是好吗?
谁或我需要做什么让它成为可能?
你想要的可能是奇妙的,对于星星来说,它很棒,但现实检查对你的理智有利。因此,为您的伟大结果制定了可行的选择。
知道在哪里停止往往是一个问题,是否是一个推动科学界限或装饰备用房间的项目,你如何知道你的项目何时达到预期结束?会是什么样子?您在此时的更清晰,难以识别当您在计划旅程时更容易识别,您通常希望在您开始之前了解目的地。
What do you need?
好的,所以现在你知道你在哪里以及你如何知道你什么时候有你所需要的,你现在需要的就是为了旅程。看看您对理想的结果,套件,空间,金钱,时间等所需的内容。
添加到该列出您或他人将需要的内部资源 - 承诺,热情,动机。最好的项目可能会失败,因为所涉及的人民的心灵和思想没有赢过。另一方面,有很多项目永远不会下车,而是一个或两个冠军,他们不了解失败的概念。他们的自信,热情或纯粹的嗜血性带来了他们。内部资源将为您的项目提供所有自己的势头?
Oh for a project where all the people, time and commitment we need are all available! Life is rarely that simple. Take a look at what you realistically have got or can beg, borrow or steal (figuratively speaking of course!) to make your project a success. Who will you have to negotiate with to get the best resources? What can you trade? Who do you know and who can you influence? Bribe? Blackmail?
Most of us have a friend with a cousin whose partner's uncle works for a guy with just the thing that you need for your project.
所以在你需要的东西和你所拥有的东西之间存在差距,你可能想看看你知道的人,他们知道谁。看看拥有你想要的人,并从那里回来。谁在他们的内圈?你怎么能从你的影响力圈出来?如果它让你想要你想要的话,它可能需要几个连接但值得努力。
在一天结束时,您将在项目中拥有一组资源。可能是预算小于计划,或者理想的工作人员不可用。这会如何影响您的计划结果?
规划
规划is a joy to some and a nightmare to others. If planning is second only to having teeth extracted without anaesthetic on your list of pet hates then try to enlist someone who loves it. They'll have it mapped out for you in full Technicolour with delivery dates, critical paths (see below), resource allocations and budget projections before you can say 'Millennium Dome'.
Otherwise, knuckle down and look at what you want to achieve, draw up a list of actions and get going with who will do what by when, how long it will take and how much it will cost.
只要他们发生,就会有一些事情可能发生在一个项目中的任何时间。其他人至关重要。
当我们的鸽舍转换时,在抹灰完成之前无法开始,在抹灰完成之前,瓦工机无法开始工作,直到电工完成接线,但他需要水管工在可以连接之前在淋浴中完成管道它。水管工正在等待淋浴中缺少的非常小但重要的部分。部分是在六周的顺序中,所以工作地面停止,直到很小的部分到达帖子!
有些事情只会变得关键路径上的obvious when they arise but most can be built into the plan. The crucial thing is to let people know what the critical bits are so if they are responsible for them, they know what the effect will be if they are late. Others need to know which bits they have to wait for before they can start work. A little bit of forethought and clear communication can avoid heated discussions, frustration and late delivery.
一旦您需要完成的计划以及您的关键路径,您可以安排所有任务,以便您完成交货日期。直到你陷入困境,无法想到接下来需要发生什么..
一个真正有效的规划方式,可以帮助尤其是困扰,从理想的目标向后工作。
例如,如果我必须交付一个新的软件package by the end of December, I will need to have the client acceptance tests by the end of November to allow time for final adjustments. So internal testing will have to start by the beginning of November. That means development will have to be complete by end of October. If I have a 1 September start date I have eight weeks for the development. If the end date can't move I might have to limit what I can deliver to what is feasible in that eight weeks, rather than the all-singing, all dancing, whizz-bang development I had originally planned.
Budgeting
按时和预算的项目与完美的夏季一样罕见。当然,当然,在2006年我写这一年的时候,我们似乎有一个完美的夏天 - 炽热的热门地中海,烧烤,慵懒的日子。看起来很完美。哦!我很快就发言了。无雨。看,我们告诉你完美的夏天很少见。
We all set out with optimism and a real belief that it will happen and we make our plans accordingly. We are then surprised and disappointed when it doesn't work out that way. Budgets overrun and we wonder how it happened, much as we wonder where the rain is when we've just planted up a new flower bed.
Budgets should always have some leeway in them for the things you have forgotten, the disasters that emerge or the miscommunication that always happens along the way.
让各种任务负责的人知道预算是什么,他们正在努力始终是一个好主意,越早越好。最好在他们订购单独手工制作的Bejeweled之前,设计师喷泉笔作为您今天的展览展台的赠品。
The team
看看项目团队中的每个人,并考虑您希望他们玩的角色。
太多...
。。。cooks spoil the broth.
。。。chiefs and not enough Indians.
......项目失败,因为没有人知道他们的角色是什么。
Take your pick. So be clear who is responsible for what, who the decision makers will be, who is going to manage, who is going to do what, who just needs to know what is going on and who needs to agree to something. Then tell them.
听起来很明显,但有时我们不这样做,因为我们不想冒犯一个期待更大角色的人或因为我们认为每个人都知道他们的期望。在影响bob综合app工厂,我们认为您无法澄清一下。让每个人都知道他们在哪里,他们的期望。
You may decide to adopt a laissez-faire management style, just assigning tasks and letting people get on with it. Great if that is your style. It is good for the confidence and self-esteem of the members of the project team to have a measure of independence and trust shown. But if there is a part of you that worries when you don't hear anything, or if you think that some members of the team might not have the confidence to speak out when things start to go pear-shaped, for your own sanity you might want to consider a balance between how much you trust people to get on with things and how much reassurance you need that they will do it.
余额是为了清楚你需要感觉到放手日常细节。它需要一个相当大的意志力和允许犯错误的好剂量,或者有时只是接受这些事情,这不一定是按照你的方式或者以及你做的方式(面对它,谁可以做它和你一样?)。
It can be very easy to rely on people to tell you when they need help - they won't most of the time. Not until they're glubbing down for the third time and all you see are the bubbles on the surface of the water. Putting in place some kind of support mechanisms such as regular scheduled check-ins and reviews, both individually and as a team can keep things in balance. Sometimes things need to be more formal, in larger projects with a buddy system and other things that can be built-in so that people feel well looked after.
The creative stuff
如果你知道在哪里开始,你曾经讨论过你所知道的项目会很棒吗?或者也许你需要一些想法以在计划中超过一个相当模糊的位?所以思考帽子,看看你可以想出什么。伟大的!但有时候所有人都出现了同样的老,同样的老。我们有一些想法让那些创意果汁流动。
It's like a train setting off on a journey and just going down the same railway lines each time. If you want it to go by a different route try giving it a different starting point. So to cut some new paths in the brain we start with something different.
头脑风暴有很多不同的技术我们在这里给你几个想法,但随时可以拿出自己的想法!
The jelly method
有了这个,你从一个与你的项目无关或你头脑风暴的问题开始。像'果冻'一样。然后你列出了果冻的所有属性 - 它是摇晃,甜美,不同的颜色,果味,像彼此一样的孩子,善于派对等等。然后你看看这些属性和主题之间的连接,有时有几个其他步骤- 踩踏石头之间。
因此,如果您正在查看一个项目来重新设计您的办公空间,您可能会从摇摆到灵活性到热门桌面。或支持座位的新概念。如果您无法看到“逻辑”连接并不重要;重要的是要生成稍后可以筛选的许多想法。
The ridiculous
有了这个,你从一个荒谬的情况开始。因此,对于Office Redesign项目,您可能会从类似的东西开始:
The staff are all lobsters
OK so we get things like:
水箱,日常食品,温度控制,特别改装设备,翻译服务
再次荒谬的想法更好,因为它可能会引发一个沿途的想法的疏皮者。
反转
Turn the world upside down. How could you make your project fail miserably? What would it take for the worst-case scenario to become a reality?
And then before you curl up in the kitchen in a foetal lump, turn it all over and see what you have to do to protect your project and make it a success. What could go right? If all went swimmingly well (indulge me) what might happen?
看看您的项目的理想结果以及沿途的理想事件。只是思考可以实现的事情可能会给你一些关于如何让他们发生的想法。
概率x影响=计划B的优先级
同样地努力思考可能出现问题允许您将计划B(C或D)放在位。当出现问题的可能性很高时,这是一个非常好的主意。就像最重要的交付迟到 - 它总是迟到的关键交付所以计划。
让人们在船上
所以你有你的甘特图,工作包描述,关键路径和资源分配表,但项目团队的心灵和思想呢?
敲入什么让人们勾选是一种激励他们的火灾方式。贿赂被低估为管理工具。你只需要弄清楚哪个贿赂对每个人来说都是最适合的!在我们的经验中,人们所说的人们的激励他们是令人愉快的变化。它包括赞美或致谢,挑战,责任,促进,通过,成就和学习新的东西的满足感。好的,这么金钱也在那里,但它只是许多事情之一,通常不是列表之外。
有一件事是确定 - 如果你找不到任何激励某人继续你的项目中的某些东西,那么事情会比你所能更难。因此,对于关键路径上的重要比特,值得一些努力解决他们应该关心的原因。
当您没有直接控制有关人员或资源时,尤其如此。您可能需要一点套件,用品弗雷德弗雷德在锁定和钥匙或简吉尼的时间内或几周的时间从中持续到,而且她与其他工作过上。那么你如何得到你想要的东西?
好吧,谁有这样的这么说?在这个人的工作中,你需要很高兴你必须从他们的角度看待事物。弗雷德可能是珍贵的套件,因为替代成本是昂贵的,或者因为其他人在借用它时没有把它带回来。承认如何让世界看到世界是讨论的一个很好的起点。
您是否可以向您努力影响可能有所帮助的人提供任何东西?保证,额外的资源,返回恩惠?仔细地贿赂,腐败,非法行为,然后看看真正的春天想到我们绝对不推荐非法!
The C Word
一直通过项目的关键是成功的关键往往是沟通 - 让人们了解截止日期,期望,进步,更改等。如果你没有,那么工作会更大。经过误解后清理,或错过的沟通通常比从一开始就讲述人们的沟通。
It's a really good idea to have a communications plan in place right from the off and review it just as you do your project plan; 'What's worked, what hasn't, what else do we need to do?'
向上听到,向下,向下,侧身
偶尔,您想通过更高的链条留下留言。如果你曾经觉得在这一点上的荒野中哭泣的声音,那么从你并不孤单的事实中享受一些舒适性 - 这就是这个问题。有很多人试图引起那个人的注意力,你可能在荒野中哭泣。事实上,这不是一个坏主意,因为至少这是一个不同的东西,这就是你需要注意的是,在迷失的灵魂中,你需要注意的是需要老板的人们的注意力。
所以要听到责任,让你的消息清晰而简洁,然后喊叫。不是字面意思(除非您认为它可能有所帮助),但以一种引起目标受众的注意力来实现您的信息。
如果你向下沟通或侧面,它并不不同。简明扼要的帮助,尽管对你想要的人来说绝对清楚。注意你如何为真正有影响的交付收到消息
Monitoring
你的项目正在进行中,你已经沟通了很好,经常沟通,事情正在采取正确的课程,所以你可以坐下来放松,对吧?错误的!
这有点像旋转板,你必须经常寻找即将下降,减慢或自发燃烧的那个(它发生了!)。
监测项目的进度,保持警惕的眼睛在可能会出现问题和预期困境的地方,以便以后节省时间和悲伤。
Even if everything is going to plan it is important to let people know. We have seen many projects lose momentum because the project manager has sat back when everything is going to plan. Keep your project in the front of everyone's mind with regular progress reports.
最好的小鼠和男人计划......
(。那些不按时交付的承包商,没有被撰写的报告,没有得到满足的截止日期,那些没有出现的人,没有保留的承诺。等等,等等,等等。)
当它不按计划或某人/某些东西抛出作品中的扳手......
PANIC!!!!
或者,深吸一口气,请注意,这也会发生在其他人身上,并决定如何处理任何灾难发生的事情。此时,您可能必须将计划B放入运营中,但如果这是一个不可预见的灾难,那么您可能希望从中脱离并采取新的外观。而且,我们并不意味着寻找一个人责备的抱歉。
正如泰坦尼克号的骗子我怀疑有一个或两个人担心它的错,以及它发生的原因。大多数人可能正在寻找救生艇。船长的工作是将整个情况视为整个情况,并决定如何最好地进行所有变量,优先事项是什么,最佳使用当前(!)资源,而且如何让他们掌握多少董事会(!!)及时,谁需要知道,他们需要知道什么,你的项目没有什么不同。
Taking Care of Your People
你喜欢感谢努力吗?它经常发生一次吗?
If what we hear is anything to go by, then not nearly enough as we would like. When we look at what motivates people acknowledgement is almost always on the list and often near the top. So taking the time to acknowledge a job well done is worth a few moments of your time.
即使事情很好,它也值得努力提供反馈。在影响bob综合app工厂,我们喜欢考虑喂食某人的东西。
So what is it you would like to feed in your project team or in one individual? A sense of. achievement, urgency, pride, responsibility, etc. Choose the impact you want and then deliver your message holding that as the intended effect and see what happens.
看看促使你团队的其他东西。您是否可以通过您的项目做出任何做法,以确保他们能够成功得出动力?如果你沿途或两人遇到灾难,这尤其重要。什么已经正确?到目前为止,您可以庆祝的成功是什么?谁已经加倍了额外的英里?
让人们激励和拉动的人之一是在发生的情况下有人发言,所以尝试从团队中输入他们如何认为事情已经消失,未来的方向应该是什么。那么为什么不让他们拥有它?
结束在视线 - 现在是什么?
想象一下教堂屋顶是固定的,新产品推出或厨房完全安装和运行。你现在做什么?
Most end-of-project reviews will take a look at lessons learnt and they usually focus on what went wrong and how to do better next time. A good thing to do. We feel that knowing what went right and how you did it is maybe even more productive it means you have more chance of doing it again!
Take a look at all the things you have achieved, how you (the team did it) and then celebrate your success: a slap up meal together, a bottle or two of bubbly, a bonus, a box of sinful chocolates, an extra day's leave. Doesn't matter what - just make sure you celebrate! For your next project, you just might find that people come with a level of motivation already because they know that you will end on a high.
谈论你的下一个项目教堂风琴或the bathroom or the new widget the research department wants to launch, off you go again with a bundle of experience under your belt. So what will you do this time? How can your next project contribute to your personal goals and build on your success so far?
Before you get carried away with the excitement of breaking new ground, you might want to consider giving your brain a break. Too often people just plunge themselves into projects or juggle more than one and feel they have to keep at it and at it until it's done. They come in early, work late and as we know can get less productive the more they work on it.
So give yourself a break. Take an hour to walk in the park, or a day to do mindless paperwork or filing, play computer games, phone a friend, do Sudoku, go for a swim - pretty much anything that allows the right brain to have some breathing space and gives the left brain a rest for a while.
即使短暂的休息也可以给电池充电,让你饲养,以便继续下一个雄心勃勃的事业。
祝你好运!
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